Sri Lanka Facts and History

With the recent end of the Tamil Tiger insurgency, the island nation of Sri Lanka seems poised to take its place as a new economic powerhouse in South Asia. After all, Sri Lanka (formerly known as Ceylon) has been a key trading hub of the Indian Ocean world for more than a thousand years. Capital and Major Cities Administrative Capital: Sri Jayawardenapura Kotte, metro population 2,234,289 Commercial Capital: Colombo, metro population 5,648,000 Major Cities: Kandy population 125,400Galle population 99,000Jaffna population 88,000 Government The Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka has a republican form of government, with a president who is both head of government and head of state. Universal suffrage starts at age 18. The current president is Maithripala Sirisena; presidents serve six-year terms. Sri Lanka has a unicameral legislature. There are 225 seats in Parliament, and members are elected by popular vote to six-year terms.  The Prime Minister is Ranil Wickremesinghe. The president appoints judges to both the Supreme Court and the Court of Appeals. There are also subordinate courts in each of the countrys nine provinces. People Sri Lankas total population is approximately 20.2 million as of the 2012 census. Nearly three-quarters, 74.9%, are ethnic Sinhalese. Sri Lankan Tamils, whose ancestors came to the island from southern India centuries ago, make up about 11% of the population, while more recent Indian Tamil immigrants, brought in as agricultural labor by the British colonial government, represent 5%. Another 9% of Sri Lankans are the Malays and Moors, descendants of Arab and Southeast Asian traders who plied the Indian Ocean monsoon winds for more than a thousand years. There are also tiny numbers of Dutch and British settlers, and aboriginal Veddahs, whose ancestors arrived at least 18,000 years ago. Languages The official language of Sri Lanka is Sinhala. Both Sinhala and Tamil are considered national languages; only about 18% of the population speaks Tamil as a mother tongue, however. Other minority languages are spoken by about 8% of Sri Lankans. In addition, English is a common language of trade, and approximately 10% of the population are conversant in English as a foreign language. Religion Sri Lanka has a complex religious landscape. Almost 70% of the population are Theravada Buddhists (mainly the ethnic Sinhalese), while most Tamils are Hindu, representing 15% of Sri Lankans. Another 7.6% are Muslims, particularly the Malay and Moor communities, belonging primarily to the Shafii school within Sunni Islam. Finally, about 6.2% of Sri Lankans are Christians; of those, 88% are Catholic and 12% are Protestant. Geography Sri Lanka is a teardrop-shaped island in the Indian Ocean, southeast of India. It has an area of 65,610 square kilometers (25,332 square miles), and is mostly flat or rolling plains. However, the highest point in Sri Lanka is Pidurutalagala, at an impressive 2,524 meters (8,281 feet) in altitude. The lowest point is sea level. Sri Lanka sits at the middle of a tectonic plate, so it does not experience volcanic activity or earthquakes. However, it was heavily impacted by the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami, which killed more than 31,000 people in this mostly low-lying island nation. Climate Sri Lanka has a maritime tropical climate, meaning that it is warm and humid throughout the year. Average temperatures ranges from 16 °C (60.8 °F) in the central highlands to 32 °C (89.6 °F) along the northeast coast. High temperatures in Trincomalee, in the northeast, can top 38 °C (100 °F). The entire island generally has humidity levels between 60 and 90% year-round, with the higher levels during the two long monsoonal rainy seasons (May to October and December to March). Economy Sri Lanka has one of the strongest economies in South Asia, with a GDP of $234 billion US (2015 estimate), a per capita GDP of $11,069, and a 7.4% annual growth rate. It receives substantial remittances from Sri Lankan overseas workers, mostly in the Middle East; in 2012, Sri Lankans abroad sent home about $6 billion US. Major industries in Sri Lanka include tourism; rubber, tea, coconut and tobacco plantations; telecommunications, banking and other services; and textile manufacturing. The unemployment rate and percentage of the population living in poverty are both an enviable 4.3%. The islands currency is called the Sri Lankan rupee. As of May, 2016, the exchange rate was $1 US 145.79 LKR. History The island of Sri Lanka appears to have been inhabited since at least 34,000 years before the present. Archaeological evidence suggests that agriculture began as early as 15,000 BCE, perhaps reaching the island along with the ancestors of the aboriginal Veddah people. Sinhalese immigrants from northern India likely reached Sri Lanka around the 6th century BCE. They may have established one of the earliest great trade emporiums on earth; Sri Lankan cinnamon appears in Egyptian tombs from 1,500 BCE. By about 250 BCE, Buddhism had reached Sri Lanka, brought by Mahinda, the son of Ashoka the Great of the Mauryan Empire. The Sinhalese remained Buddhist even after most mainland Indians had converted to Hinduism. Classical Sinhalese civilization relied on complicated irrigation systems for intensive agriculture; it grew and prospered from 200 BCE to about 1200 CE. Trade flourished between China, Southeast Asia, and Arabia by the first few centuries of the common era. Sri Lanka was a key stopping point on the southern, or sea-bound, branch of the Silk Road. Ships stopped there not only to restock on food, water and fuel, but also to buy cinnamon and other spices. The ancient Romans called Sri Lanka Taprobane, while Arab sailors knew it as Serendip. In 1212, ethnic Tamil invaders from the Chola Kingdom in southern India drove the Sinhalese south. The Tamils brought Hinduism with them. In 1505, a new kind of invader appeared on Sri Lankas shores. Portuguese traders wanted to control the sea-lanes between the spice islands of southern Asia; they also brought missionaries, who converted a small number of Sri Lankans to Catholicism. The Dutch, who expelled the Portuguese in 1658, left an even stronger mark on the island. The legal system of the Netherlands forms the basis for much of modern Sri Lankan law. In 1815, a final European power appeared to take control of Sri Lanka. The British, already holding the mainland of India under their colonial sway, created the Crown Colony of Ceylon. UK troops defeated the last native Sri Lankan ruler, the King of Kandy, and began to govern Ceylon as an agricultural colony that grew rubber, tea, and coconuts. After more than a century of colonial rule, in 1931, the British granted Ceylon limited autonomy. During World War II, however, Britain used Sri Lanka as a forward post against the Japanese in Asia, much to the irritation of Sri Lankan nationalists. The island nation became fully independent on February 4, 1948, several months after the Partition of India and the creation of independent India and Pakistan in 1947. In 1971, tensions between the Sinhalese and Tamil citizens of Sri Lanka bubbled over into armed conflict. Despite attempts at a political solution, the country erupted into the Sri Lankan Civil War in July of 1983; the war would continue until 2009, when government troops defeated the last of the Tamil Tiger insurgents.

Art Therapy Essay - 1292 Words

â€Å"Art therapy is a form of therapy in making of visual images (paintings, drawings, models etc.) in the presences of a qualified art therapist contributes towards externalization of thoughts and feelings which may otherwise remain unexpressed†(Walter Gilory, 1992). My vision of Art Therapy was very vague. I always thought art therapy was a form of therapy for distressed or abused children trying to tell a story through pictures or drawings. The American Art Therapy Association defines art therapy as a mental health profession that uses the creative process of art making to improve and enhance the physical, mental, and emotional well being of individuals of all ages. Art therapy is a form psychotherapy that has been practiced for over†¦show more content†¦People living with Autism Spectrum Disorder, use art therapy to improve social skills. Epps (2008) believes art therapy is necessary for children with this disorder because autistic people are mostly visual, concrete thinkers. This form of therapy helps them solve problems visually. Epps (2008) states that visual characteristics of art help patients, who often experience anxiety in social settings, to relax and enjoy themselves while they are learning social skills in a carefully cont rolled environment. The therapist use art therapy as a component in training for social skills because they believe it will increase the participation in children, simply because they find art acceptable. This form of therapy is great for Autistic people because it helps them deal with their issues in a non threatening way. It also helps the therapist see what the person is going through if the person is not ready to â€Å"talk† about their feelings. For someone living with HIV/AIDS, I can only imagine all the negative thoughts that consume their minds on a daily basis. People living with this condition experience a great deal of fatigue, pain, peripheral nerve dysfunction, nausea, loss of appetite, depression, and headache (Rao, 2009). Symptoms associated with HIV/AIDS can be physical as well as psychological. One strategy to help them cope is art therapy, it helps the patients manage their symptoms mentally. Therapists working with these patients take the interventionShow MoreRelatedArt Therapy Essay2790 Words   |  12 PagesWhat Is Art Therapy? Most forms of therapy are centered on verbal communication. Art therapy, however, breaks that mold and introduces a more creative means of both communicating ideas and learning to grow. The American Art Therapy Association defines art therapy as: Art therapy is a mental health profession in which clients, facilitated by the art therapist, use art media, the creative process, and the resulting artwork to explore their feelings, reconcile emotional conflicts, foster self-awarenessRead MoreArt Therapy As An Industry2159 Words   |  9 PagesArt Therapy Art therapy as an industry is surrounded by many questions. Questions that are led by a lack of conclusive evidence. Art Therapy has multiple techniques and options, though many are left undiscovered due to such controversy surrounding the industry. Art Therapy can help lead to countless diagnoses, anything from Alzheimer’s to depression; and can be used in marriage counselling or physical ailments. With so many uses, why is this form of therapy still looked down upon by such a vastRead MoreAdlerian Art Therapy Dissertation849 Words   |  3 Pagesthe expression that art is a projection of the soul. 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CENTRAL IDEA: Art Therapy is not a common career choice when looking at popular jobs in the workforce; however, it is both a very interesting psychological and artistic career. PURPOSE STATEMENT: I want to bring awareness to this interesting career and hopefully inform more people about its potential outcomes. SIGNIFICANCE: Information on this career can help broaden people’s perspectives and help them to look at the results of both healing through art and art in general. CREDIBILITY:Read More Art Therapy Essay646 Words   |  3 PagesArt Therapy How does Art Therapy help in maintaining a persons health or helping them get well from a sickness?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Before finding the answer to this question it is necessary to understand the background, history, and importance of what Art Therapy is. First of all Art Therapy is a form of psychotherapy. In psychotherapy there is an exploration of feelings and concerns in nonverbal and verbal exercises that use simple visual art materials. Art therapy focuses on the creative process for

Origin Energy and Ethics

Question: Discuss about theOrigin Energy and Ethics. Answer: Background and Ethical Question For purposes of improving the productivity and resource development of a region, there is a need of involving all the stakeholders in the region. It is an ethical procedure for any business organization to involve all its stakeholders in the decision making process.Involving all these stakeholders in the decision making process will ensure that the organization develops policies that satisfies all people, while maximizing the objectives of the existence of the business organization (Peters 2015). Enactment of policies that ensures the existence of a balance between the attainment of the needs of the business organizations and catering for the interest of all the stakeholders of the organization satisfies the provisions of the utilitarian theory of ethics. The Ethical Question According to the principles of utilitarianism, an action is ethical, if it will result to a positive consequence to all the parties involved (Pojman et al 2015). Under this notion of utilitarianism, the consequence of an action is judged by whether the action under consideration produces a positive result, or a negative result (Dwivedi, Choudrieand Gopal 2003). Therefore, it is possible to assert that if the difference in the consequences of the results of the act is negative, then, the action under consideration is not moral, and it is unethical. Hence, the people engaging in such kind of an action should be prevented from implementing the unethical and immoral policies under consideration (Wild, Wild and Han 2014). In the case of Origin Energy and land owners, it is unethical for the company to obtain the CSG without the permission of the farmers. Obtaining the CSG without the permission of farmers, results to negative effects on the emotional, physical and psychological health of farmers who are affected by the action of Origin Energy. For instance, George Bender, a farmer who was against obtaining CSG by Energy and similar companies died because of psychological pressure emanating from the pressure by these companies for Mr. Bender to sale his ancestral land. Furthermore, the activities of Origin Energy can be condemned when there is the use of consequentialism theory. Under this theoretical framework, the basis of judgment is dependent on whether the conduct is right or wrong (Dwivedi, Choudrieand Gopal 2003). Therefore, the conduct of Origin Energy, to seek to reposes land belonging to farmers without their consent is wrong. On the other hand, the rights theory supports the involvement of the government in regulating the activities of a company. However, while enforcing the laws, the government does not have the power to infringe on the rights enjoyed by citizens (Pojman et al 2015). In as much as minerals found in the land belongs to the government, the people have a right to a fair compensation and involvement in the decision making process, when their lands are to be taken. Furthermore, it is possible to assert that the actions of the government and Origin Energy have breached the principles of justice theory, which are fairness, equity and impartiality For instance, it is unfair to compensate land owners based on finance, considering the social investments they have made in their land. Additionally, the Petroleum and Gas Act the government relies on favors the government and mining companies, as opposed to the land owners. Stakeholders Analysis For purposes of identifying the stakeholders of this organization, there is a need of categorizing the various stakeholders of the company. The categorization of these stakeholders will be based on whether they are general stakeholders or specific stakeholders. In this case, general stakeholders are the government, the suppliers of the company, shareholders and employees of the company. As a stakeholder of the company, the government is concerned on the manner the organization is managed. For instance, the CSG industry is governed by2004 Petroleum and Gas Act (Chevalier 2016). Under this law, the state government is the legal owner of all minerals that are beneath the land of an individual. Therefore, energy companies can apply for a license to explore private lands, without the consent of the owners of these lands. Therefore, because of this law, the government can have a fundamental impact on the performance of the organization, by either refusing or allowing the company to mine the minerals that are found in Australia (Des Jardins 2012). Furthermore, the employees of the organization can fall under the category of providers. They are responsible for provision of services, and they constantly deal with the company; hence, they are important stakeholders within the organization. Land owners are the suppliers of the company, because they supply land for exploration purposes. In fact, without them, the company cannot carry out its operations. Finally, the board of directors and share holders are classified as general stakeholders because of their role in influencing the management of the company in enacting policies that are favorable to them. Furthermore, in identifying the position of these stakeholders in the industry, there is a need of identifying the stakes of the stakeholders. For instance, the government has the power and the legitimacy to regulate the industry, because it is the owner of all minerals that are found in the country (Bryson 2004; Tricker 2015). This is through the Petroleum and Gas Act. Furthermore, the government regulates the manner which Origin Energy mines and the evacuation process of farmers and land owners. Additionally, the government requires the company to fulfill all its tax obligations and then provisions contained in the 2001 cooperation act, which regulates then operations of corporate organizations in the country (Council 2003). On the other hand, land owners do not have extensive powers and legitimacy over the company, because it is the government that owes the minerals found in those lands. However, they have a right to demand fair compensation from the government and the exploration company, in circumstances where the company seeks to explore the land (Graham 2004). The boards of directors and shareholders have extensive power over the operations of the company. This is because they influence the policies of the company through votes or managerial deliberations. Moreover, the employees of the company do not have any significant power over the affairs and management of the company. This is because they are employed by the company, and they can be replaced, because of the existence of other people who are looking for work (Du Plessis, Hargovan and Bagaric 2010). Therefore, it is the government that has the responsibility of protecting the interests of employees in the company and within the industry. Furthermore, there are a number of challenges and opportunities that the stakeholders of the organization will present. For instance, the government can bring challenges and opportunities to the company. The government may seek to subsidize the operations of this company, to ensure that it meets its objectives. Furthermore, through cooperation with the government, the company can come up with policies aimed at catering for the needs of the society, and these includes engaging in cooperate social responsibility programs. The challenge that may occur, lies on the implementation of the Petroleum and Gas Act, regarding the evacuation of landowners whose lands have significant deposits of the energy (eon Rossouwand Van Vuuren 2010). The company has a number of opportunities that can enable it cooperate with land owners. This includes fair compensation of their lands, in case a significant amount of energy is discovered, and allowing them to be part of the decision making process, when it comes to the utilization of their lands (Denis 2016). By coming up with such policy and implementing the policy, chances are high that the company will create a good working relationship with all its stakeholders, which will ensure that it meets its objectives (Carroll and Buchholtz 2014). However, there is a great potential for threat if the company does not consult land owners before coming up with a policy that will affect the use of their lands. Employees of the company are also important stakeholders who have the capability of cooperating or competing with the company (Gompers, Ishii and Metrick, 2001). For instance, with good motivational policies, employees of the organization will work hard, to ensure that they meet the objectives of the company. However, without these motivational policies, employees may fail to work hard; hence, frustrating the ability of the company to meet its objectives. Additionally, shareholders normally have different objectives with that of the management (Darwall 2003; La Porta et al., 2000). For instance, shareholders normally want the company to give them dividends, while the management of the company will seek to roll back the profit for business. These needs have the capability of either creating competition or cooperation between the shareholders and the management of the company (Denis 2016). Therefore, the management must come with a policy that will balance the need of giving out dividends and expanding its operations. Economic, Legal, Ethical and Philanthropic Responsibilities to Stakeholders Furthermore, the company has a number of responsibilities to the government. The responsibilities are economic and legal. The company must operate under the guidance of the 2001 Corporations Act and the Petroleum and Gas Act. On an legal aspect, the company must pay its taxes to the government in an accurate and timely manner. The company has economic and ethical responsibilities to its shareholders and land owners. On an ethical aspect, the company must not provide unfair reporting to its shareholders, and it must also recognize the need of engaging land owners when coming up with a decision that will affect their lands. Additionally, the company has a responsibility of paying dividends to the shareholders of the organization. Furthermore, the company has a philanthropic responsibility to the land owners. The company should adequately compensate these people for their land. The compensation should not only touch on money, but also on social and environmental aspects. To the employees, the responsibility is ethical and economic. It is ethical because the company must develop employment policies that do not harm the interests of the employees. It is economic, because the company is required to provide good payment to these employees. Basing on these facts, there is a need of engaging the land owners directly, and accommodating their views and contributions. Furthermore, the company should engage the employees directly and negotiate with them the terms of their service. The company should also engage with the government directly, and accommodate the policies it has enacted in regulating the industry. Corporate Governance Based on ASX To improve its responsibilities to the shareholders, Origin Energy has a strong foundation for management and oversight. The company has a board of directors, who are responsible for managing the daily affairs of the organization, and their roles also involves coming up with strategies that can be used to carter for the needs of all the stakeholders of the organization (Shaw 2016). For instance, the company has an executive manager who is in charge of people and culture. It is the responsibility of this manager to develop policies and implement the policies under consideration that will carter for the needs of all the stakeholders of the company. This includes the land owners, whose permission must be sought, before obtaining the CSG. The company also has an executive director who is in charge of energy markets(Payan et al 2015). It is the responsibility of this director to market the products of the company, and this includes looking for new markets for the organizations products (Ciulla 2013). Additionally, the company has an independent Executive General Manager, who is in charge of corporate affairs, and it is his responsibility to develop policies that will create a positive brand image for the company. The company also safeguards its financial reporting system, making timely and balanced disclosures of its financial activities. It is important to note that Origin Energy has highly qualified and experienced members of staff, working in its financial department(Payan et al 2015). These people are responsible for providing accurate reports, regarding the financial position of the company. Shareholders normally rely on these reports while making decisions on whether to invest in the company or not. Corporate Social Responsibility and Corporate Social Performance Furthermore, for purposes of promoting the interests of the community, and engaging in a corporate social responsibility programs, Origin Energy is actively involved in promoting the use of renewable energy (Payan et al2015). For instance, the company has spent a number of years coming up with purchase contracts that can be used to acquire and develop wind farms in Southern Australia and Victoria (Sha and Liu 2009).Furthermore, it is important to assert that the largest buyer of wind energy in Australia is Origin Energy. The company is also involved in producing solar panels for purposes of promoting the use of renewable energy. Additionally, the company promotes the use of geothermal power in Australia. Origin Energy believes that by promoting the use of the renewable energy, it will be engaging in a corporate social responsibility program (Grant 2016). The world is now concerned with the need of promoting the use of renewable energy, as it will reduce the effects of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. These greenhouse gases have the impact of destroying the ozone layer, and this result to the emergence of global warming(Payan et al2015).However, the company still engages in the exploration of fossil energy; hence,their initiative of promoting the use of renewable energy does not have a great impact in environmental conservation. Ethical Analysis From these information about the company, it is now possible to provide an ethical analysis of the actions of the company.One of the ethical principles that can be used to provide an analysis of the decision by Origin Energy to obtain CSG without the permission of the land owners is the utilitarian theory. Under this theoretical principle, an action is desirable, if it results to the positive outcome of allthe stakeholders of the organization carrying out the action (Cowan 2016). However,obtaining CSG without permission from land owners in Queensland was unethical, because it led to the death of one of the farmers, and the land owners in the region lost their ancestral land that had a rich history, that money alone could not compensate for the loss. Therefore, in the view of utilitarian theory, obtaining CSG without the permission of land owners is unacceptable practice. Furthermore, by using the justice approach, it is unjust for any energy company to use legislations for purposes of buying land, without consulting the owners of those lands. However, on an economic perspective, the company would believe that the policy is beneficial to it (Ebert, Griffin, Starke and Dracopoulos 2014). This is because without consultations, the company will pay a small amount of money for the lands. The price that Origin Energy was paying for the lands in Queenslandwas one of the major reasons that Bender was unwilling to sale his lands to the company. For instance, the government was willing to pay Bender an upfront amount of $3183. Bender considered this amount of money to be too small; hence, he refused to sign the contract, authorizing the sale of his land. However, this policy was economical to the company. Recommendations and Conclusion To carter for the interests of the community, the government and Origin Energy must involve all the stakeholders in the decision making process. In as much as the law grants the government possession of all minerals in the ground, the same law allows people to own land. Therefore, the government must negotiate with these people when it comes to convincing them, to sale their land. Through this method, the company and the government will identify the needs of land owners, and develop a compensation package that carters for their needs. Furthermore, the company and the government will be satisfying the principles of utilitarian theory, which states that the best action is one thatleads to the common good of the stakeholders or people affected by the decision.The decision and policy developed from this approach will ensure that the company and government provide a compensation plan that does not harm its interests, or one that will limit their operations. On the other hand, the compensation plan developed will be sufficient to the land owners. The compensation criteria will be based on the economic, physical and social loss experienced by the land owners. Bibliography Bryson, J.M., 2004. What to do when stakeholders matter: stakeholder identification and analysistechniques.Public management review,6(1), pp.21-53. Chevalier, J.M., 2016. Stakeholder analysis and natural resource management. Ciulla, J.B., 2013.Leadership ethics. Blackwell Publishing Ltd. Council, A.C.G., 2003.Principles of good corporate governance and best practicerecommendations. Australian Stock Exchange Limited. Carroll, A.B. and Buchholtz, A.K., 2014.Business and society: Ethics, sustainability, andstakeholder Management. Nelson Education. Cowan, R., 2016. CD Broad on Moral Sense Theories in Ethics. Darwall, S.L., 2003. Theories of ethics.A companion to applied ethics, pp.17-37. Denis, D.K., 2016. Corporate Governance and the Goal of the Firm: In Defense of ShareholderWealth Maximization.Forthcoming in the Financial Review. Des Jardins, J.R., 2012.Environmental ethics.Nelson Education. Du Plessis, J.J., Hargovan, A. and Bagaric, M., 2010.Principles of contemporary corporategovernance.Cambridge University Press. Dwivedi, Y.K., Choudrie, J. and Gopal, U., 2003, June. Broadband stakeholders analysis: ISPsperspective. InProceedings of the ITS Asia-Australasian Regional Conference, Perth, Australia. Ebert, R.J., Griffin, R.W., Starke, F.A. and Dracopoulos, G., 2014.Business essentials. PearsonEducation Canada. eonRossouw, D. and Van Vuuren, L., 2010.Business ethics.Oxford University Press, 2010. Gompers, P.A., Ishii, J.L. and Metrick, A., 2001.Corporate governance and equity prices(No.8449)National bureau of economic research. Graham, G., 2004.Eight theories of ethics.Psychology Press. Grant, R.M., 2016.Contemporary strategy analysis: Text and cases edition. John Wiley Sons. La Porta, R., Lopez-de-Silanes, F., Shleifer, A. and Vishny, R., 2000. Investor protection andcorporategovernance.Journal of financial economics,58(1), pp.3-27. Payan, J.M., Svensson, G., Wood, G., Singh, J. and Callaghan, M., 2015. Comparing Codes ofEthics among the Top Companies in Australia, Canada and the USA. InProceedings ofthe 2009 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) Annual Conference(pp. 3-3). Peters, R.S., 2015.Ethics and Education (Routledge Revivals).Routledge. Pojman, L.P., Pojman, P. and McShane, K., 2015.Environmental ethics: Readings in theory andapplication. Nelson Education. Shaw, W., 2016.Business ethics: A textbook with cases. Nelson Education. SHA, Y.Z. and LIU, H.Q., 2009. Stakeholders Analysis Model of Public Crisis [J].ScienceEconomy Society,1, p.015. Tricker, B., 2015.Corporate governance: Principles, policies, and practices. Oxford UniversityPress,USA. Wild, J., Wild, K.L. and Han, J.C., 2014.International business. Pearson Education Limited.

Toxic substances and Hazardous and Nuclear Waste Control Act of 1990 Essay Example

Toxic substances and Hazardous and Nuclear Waste Control Act of 1990 Paper Objective: The objective of this act is to keep an inventory of chemicals that are presently being imported manufactured or used, indicating among others, their existing and possible uses, test data, names of firms manufacturing or using them and such other information as may be considered relevant to the protection of health and the environment To monitor and regulate the importation, manufacture, processing, handling, storage, transportation, sale, distribution, use and disposal of chemical substances and mixtures that present unreasonable risk or injury to health or to the environment in accordance with national policies and international commitments To inform and educate the populace regarding the hazards and risks attendant to the manufacture, handling, storage, transportation, processing, distribution, use and disposal of toxic chemicals and other substances and mixtures and lastly; To prevent the entry, even in transit, as well as the keeping or storage and disposal of hazardous and nuclear wastes into the country for whatever purpose We will write a custom essay sample on Toxic substances and Hazardous and Nuclear Waste Control Act of 1990 specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Toxic substances and Hazardous and Nuclear Waste Control Act of 1990 specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Toxic substances and Hazardous and Nuclear Waste Control Act of 1990 specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Reaction: It’s good to know that our government have implemented this kind of act, it only shows that how our government is concern with us, because improper handling or improper storage of hazardous chemicals and throwing of nuclear wastes can cause bad health to us. It is also good because this act let us know what are we going to do with this kind of chemicals and wastes, it educate the people what are the hazards and risks in manufacturing this kind of wastes. Integration: As part of the jurisdiction of this article or republic act I’m going to help our government by following the rules and regulations under this law like the proper manufacturing of the nuclear and toxic waste before putting them on a storage or throwing them on the garbage bins I will be like an example to my fellow friends in our community, implementing this then letting them know what are the importance of this law, Learning: I’ve learned a lot like what is the importance of this law. RA 6969 is important or the ‘Toxic substances and Hazardous and Nuclear Waste Control Act of 1990’ because it let us inform or educate on what are we going to do with this kind of waste especially to nuclear, hazardous and toxic waste or substances like the proper manufacturing of the said waste and proper storage of it. I also learned the penalties and fines given to those who violate this act like being imprisoned for about 6 months to 6years.

Divorce within 10 years and its effects on minor children

Divorce within 10 years and its effects on minor children Introduction Studies carried out on the effects of divorce illustrate that young children in divorced families experience more problems than those in two-parent married homes. These children have adjustment problems in school; they tend to struggle with self esteem issues and tend to develop behavioral deviances.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Divorce within 10 years and its effects on minor children specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Effects Hetherington (1999) found that 10% of all the children in two-parent households develop serious behavioral problems. On the other hand, 34% of female children and 26% of male children in divorced families were problematic. However, one must realize that not all young children from divorced families will experience problems; these studies simply indicate that, as a group, children from divorced homes are more problematic than children in married homes. These problems eman ate from a series of situations that are unique to divorce. Children in these situations experience difficulties because of parental loss. They typically lose contact with the non-custodial parent. Minor children need the practical and emotional support that comes from both parents. When divorce takes place, children loose the skills, knowledge and resources associated with one parent. A study carried out by Kelly and Emery (2003) found that, on average, non custodial parents tended to visit their children once a week. If this parent is male, then children have a 20% chance of never seeing that parent again, two or three years after the divorce. Contact is a crucial factor in the establishment of strong parent to child relationships; this affects a child’s ability to adjust. Analyses illustrate that fathers who make frequent contacts with their children in a non custodial arrangement tend to minimize conflict between the child and them. These children also fare better in thei r social and school lives. They tend to benefit from the warmth, help, and expectation-setting that come from increased contact with the non custodial parent. Young children in divorced families experience more problems than those in married families because of economic losses in the arrangement. When a divorce occurs, children lose the economic resources that both parents would have contributed. As a result, the custodial parent is likely to struggle with provision of certain needs. It is a fact that earning a small income than before can lead to interruptions. Such a caregiver would have to alter schools in order to minimize expenses. He or she may need to switch to a cheaper day care or minimize weekend outings. When the changes are substantial, the child may need to alter his or her relationships, or may have to lose friends. All these alterations may cause problems.Advertising Looking for research paper on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper w ith 15% OFF Learn More The divorce process also leads to intense life stress among children in these situations. As explained above, children in divorced homes must make so many adjustments after the divorce such as school and relationship alterations. These stressors are quite difficult to handle, and may lead to subsequent problems in the future. A study carried out by Crowder and Teachman (2004) revealed that young children who grew up in a single parent home with more stresses, such as frequent relocations, were more likely to become school dropouts or become pregnant in their teens. If the custodial parent goes through multiple divorces, then the child is likely to experience social problems in the future. Increased stress comes from the feeling that the child has less control over his or her life than he had before the divorce. Furthermore, if parents do not talk to their children prior to or during the divorce about the causes of the divorce, then children bec ome more stressed. Some parents may talk to their children about the divorce but may not listen to their opinion. In this regard, children may still feel frustrated about the situation. Painful memories of all the changes that they underwent during the divorce may haunt them. This implies that divorce is indeed a distressful and painful period for young children. Parents also play a significant role with regard to children’s health. The custodial parent’s mental health affects most children tremendously. If a custodial parent has adjustment issues, then this may affect the child’s well-being in a negative way. Furthermore, parental competence issues are a crucial contributor to the level of failure or success in divorced families. Parental practices tend to reduce immediately after a divorce. This usually leads to some problems encountered by children in later life. Besides this, parents in single parent homes tend to expose their children to fewer child rearing skills. Sometimes, the capable parent may lose custody of a child in a divorce, and this may be detrimental to the child’s well being. One of the most profound difficulties that children experience after divorce is the conflict between their parents. Tensions and conflicts are frequent between divorced parents. If these are intense and occur frequently, then children tend to report more complications in the future. Types of problems manifested by children of divorced families Children react differently to divorce depending on: the child’s developmental stage, the parent’s ability to meet the child’s needs, the prevalence and duration of conflict between the parents, and the relationship quality between a child and his parents prior to the divorce. If parents can deal with the above challenges positively, then a child is less likely to exhibit behavioral and developmental challenges later.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Divorce within 10 years and its effects on minor children specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More One of the common reactions among children after divorce is denial. This is likely to occur if the children are slightly younger. Some of them may make up stories in order to cover up the divorce. They might reconcile their tensions with fantasies. For instance, some of them may assert that their parents will take them to Disneyland even when minimal contact exists between the children and their two parents. Conversely, some of them may talk about the non custodial parent’s move next door. All these stories are attempts at resisting this painful separation from both parents. In older children, milder fantasies are likely to occur. For instance, many of them may be preoccupied with reconciliation. They may console themselves that their parents are going to get back together even when this is unlikely to occur (Temke, 2006). Other children develo p a fear of abandonment. After a separation, children start worrying about their future and the person who will care over them. Some of them may think that a divorce can also occur between parents and children and that their parents will also leave them. Such fears tend to increase when the custodial parent badmouths the other parent. For instance, if the custodial parent says ‘Daddy is leaving you and me’, then the child may feel quite vulnerable to abandonment. Children manifest these insecurities through the use of words that demonstrate a need for greater protection. Other children may exhibit excessive anger and hostility. Following the tensions and stresses that stem from the divorce, some children may use hostility to diffuse these stresses. They may react negatively to their parents, schoolmates and siblings, if they have any. Most of the time, children may express anger towards the parent who they think is the source of the divorce. They can even get angrier wh en the custodial parent starts dating again. In divorce scenarios, children may triangulate. The latter term refers to rejection of the non custodial parent.Advertising Looking for research paper on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Alternatively, they may have divided loyalties when they try to satisfy both parents. Besides anger, children may also develop depression. Some of them may experience social withdrawal. Here, they may stop playing sports, going out or interacting with friends. Alternatively, others may start injuring themselves. Issues such as cutting are especially common among female adolescents. One may also detect depression in these children through loss of sleep, poor eating habits such as excessive or minimal feeding, and weariness. In younger children, immaturity or rapid maturity is common. Some children react to divorce by trying to go back to the times when everything was okay. They may wet their beds or engage in baby talk as an attempt to look for security. Conversely, some children may grow up too fast. They may take charge and even presume the role of the other parent who left. This is an attempt to meet the needs of the custodial parent. Guilt and blame are also quite common. Childre n sometimes feel responsible over the divorce. This may occur when parents fight over the children’s custodial arrangements or visiting schedules. Some of them may promise their parents exemplary behavior if they reconcile. Conclusion Children in divorced families report more behavioural and psychological issues. The problems emanate from economical difficulties, poor parental competence, inter parental conflict, minimal parental contact with the non custodial caregiver and life stresses. These issues may result in anger, immaturity or rapid maturity, excessive anger, abandonment and denial. Parents must try to assist their children in dealing with these issues by maintaining high quality relationships with them and minimising conflict between themselves. References Crowder, K. Teachman, J. (2004). Do residential conditions explain the relationship between living arrangements and adolescent behaviour? Marriage and Family Journal, 66(11), 721-738 Hetherington, E. (1993). An o verview of the Virginian longitudinal study of divorce and remarriage with a focus on the early adolescent. Family Psychology Journal, 7(4), 39-56 Kelly, J. Emery, R. (2003). Children’s adjustment following divorce: risk and resiliency perspectives. Family Relations, 52, 352-362 Temke, M. (2006). The effects of divorce on children. University of New Hampshire Cooperative Extension Report, May 2006

The First Great Compromise in US History Research Paper

The First Great Compromise in US History - Research Paper Example The answer to the deadlock came from Roger Sherman, a delegate from Connecticut. Delegates and the media referred to the proposal as the Connecticut Compromise while others called it the Great Compromise. It was the brainchild of the existing federal government. The Congress would have two houses namely, the House of Representatives and the Senate. The population of each state would determine the number of members in the House of Representatives. On the other hand, each state would send two members to the Senate. State legislators received the powers to elect the Senators. Somehow, Sherman gave delegates what they wanted. Whereas large states got more members in the House of Representatives, small states got equal representation in the Senate. The writing and creation of bills became a preserve of the House of Representatives in the Congress, something that made large states happy. Small states derived further satisfaction from the fact that the Senate became officially, The Upper Ho use. The Biggest problem came from the powers of the Presidency. Resistance came from Anti-Federalists. The terminology Anti-federalists referred to a group of people who opposed the ratification of the constitution vehemently. This coalition of people continues to remain subservient to the Federalists. This is despite the fact that the group had famous political leaders in national politics. Anti-federalists were very popular towards the end of the eighteenth century. The same time the people of America were struggling to promulgate their supreme law. This source clearly indicates that the leading pack of this team included among others James Winthrop a delegate from Massachusetts, George Mason, who hailed from Virginia, as well as Patrick Henry a representative from Virginia as well, in addition to the New York representative, Melanchthon Smith1.

Contemperary issues in business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Contemperary issues in business - Essay Example The report would also address the various ways of responding to the turbulent changes in the business of the company. The company that has been chosen for this work is Mercedes Benz. Mercedes Benz is a multinational automobile company that is headquartered in Stuttgart, Germany. The company is the automobile distribution of the German automobile producer Daimler AG. The business of Mercedes Benz has its roots way back in the patent of Daimler in 1901 and the patent of Benz in 1886. The model first emerged in 1926 under the name of Daimler-Benz. The restructuring of the organization resulted in the change of name of the business model and is today referred as Mercedes Benz. The products of the company are the luxury automobiles in the categories of various cars, coaches, trucks and buses. The customers served by the Mercedes Benz automobile business comprises of mainly the luxury market segment and its customers. However, the company has also launched lower price model from the year 2 011 which included the B-class, C-class and the M-class automobile products. The roadster model has also gained popularity among the customers in the market. This has led to the increase in market share of Mercedes Benz over the years as compared to its competitors in the world market, namely Audi, BMW, etc. The growth of market share for Mercedes Benz from the year 2006 to 2011 has been represented below in graphical form. The market share of Mercedes Benz has increased from 12.96% in 2006 to 16.59% in 2011. The business of Mercedes Benz could be termed as an open business which is open to the challenges and opportunities of the macro-economic environment in the world market. The business has been able to identify the changing market environment in various economies over a period of last five years for which the company has been able to operate efficient as an open system (Phillips, 1983, p.185). 2.0 Today’s drivers of change The business of Mercedes Benz has been an open sy stem to the prevailing conditions of the several markets in which it has ventured. The company is influenced by the drivers of change in today’s market. It is therefore, important for the company to identify the drivers of change in today’s automobile market in order to be prepared for the challenges to be faced in future course of business (Cameron and Green, 2012, p.88). The drivers of change in the business of Mercedes Benz could be analysed by reviewing the political, economic, social, environmental, legal and technological environment in which it operates. 2.1 Political The political environment in the markets of operation of Mercedes Benz has varied due to the policies of the government that are driven by the political motives. The governments in US, UK, France, etc. have showed concerns over the quality of models launched by Mercedes Benz in order to ensure safety and protection of the customers. The political interferences in the merger and acquisition of Merce des Benz with the other companies like Studebaker and Packard Corporation